In the captivating world of aquariums, African Cichlids are a true spectacle. With their vibrant hues and dynamic personalities, they have cemented a place in the hearts of aquarists worldwide.
This remarkable group of freshwater fish, primarily hailing from the great African Rift Lakes, boasts an incredible array of species, each boasting unique traits and behaviors.
Understanding the different types of African Cichlids is essential, whether you’re a seasoned aquarist planning your next vibrant tank or a beginner attracted to the Cichlid’s splash of colors.
This article aims to introduce you to 25 popular types of African Cichlids, providing a detailed overview of the species. From the radiant Yellow Lab Cichlid to the striking Blue Peacock Cichlid, we’re about to dive into a fascinating underwater journey, shedding light on these stunning freshwater dwellers.
Let’s embark on this exploration, immersing ourselves in the world of African Cichlids, one beautiful species at a time.
1. Yellow Lab Cichlid
A resident of the rocky areas of Lake Malawi, this freshwater gem is one of the most popular types of African Cichlids in the aquarist community due to its radiant lemon-yellow coloration.
With an average size of up to 4 inches, the Yellow Lab Cichlid makes an attractive, manageable addition to a community aquarium. Its vivid yellow color is typically uniform throughout its body, offering a bright contrast against the darker backdrop of an aquarium. A distinguishing characteristic is its dark black dorsal fins and eyes, providing a dramatic contrast to its sunny exterior.
The Yellow Lab Cichlid thrives in water conditions replicating its natural habitat. A well-filtered aquarium with plenty of hiding spots created by rocks or caves would make them feel at home. They prefer alkaline water (pH 7.2-8.8), with a temperature range of 72-82 degrees Fahrenheit.
2. Red Zebra Cichlid
One of the standouts in the realm of African Cichlids is the Red Zebra Cichlid, scientifically known as Maylandia Estherae. This stunning species, native to the rocky coastal waters of Lake Malawi, is known for its striking colors and active demeanor, bringing vibrancy and energy to the home aquarium.
The Red Zebra Cichlid grows to an average size of about 5 inches when fully mature. Its moderate size makes it a comfortable fit for medium to large-sized aquariums, allowing it plenty of space to exhibit its lively swimming patterns.
When it comes to color patterns, the Red Zebra Cichlid is nothing short of breathtaking. Females typically flaunt brilliant hues of bright orange to red, hence the name “Red Zebra.” Males, however, often display a lighter palette, varying from pale orange to a striking cobalt blue, which is quite a sight when coupled with their assertive behavior.
These dramatic color variations, coupled with their active and engaging nature, make the Red Zebra Cichlid a beloved choice among aquarists. They certainly make a compelling centerpiece, guaranteeing a captivating display in your freshwater aquatic collection.
3. Peacock Cichlid
Presenting the Peacock Cichlid, or Aulonocara, an illustrious member of the African Cichlid community originating from Lake Malawi. Their vibrant, varied colors, along with their relatively peaceful demeanor, make them a beloved choice among both novice and seasoned aquarists.
The Peacock Cichlid is moderately sized, usually reaching an average length of 4-6 inches when fully mature. This size allows them to be comfortably housed in medium to large aquariums, making them a flexible choice for various aquarium setups.
As for color patterns, it is here that the Peacock Cichlid truly shines, as indicated by its name. This African Cichlid species boasts a rich array of colors, with males presenting a stunning spectacle of bright blues, yellows, and reds.
Some varieties also display purple, orange, and even pink or strawberry hues. The colors intensify as the fish mature, especially among males who flaunt their brilliant hues to attract females.
Females, on the other hand, are usually less colorful, typically bearing a muted brown or gray tone. Despite their less vibrant colors, they add a wonderful balance to the aquatic display, providing a striking contrast against their male counterparts.
4. Red Empress Cichlid
The Red Empress Cichlid, known scientifically as Protomelas Taeniolatus, is an enthralling species that originates from Lake Malawi in East Africa. This particular cichlid is a staple in many aquarist collections thanks to its eye-catching coloration and bold demeanor.
In terms of size, the Red Empress Cichlid is also a moderately sized fish, with males reaching up to 6 inches in length and females slightly smaller. Their size makes them better suited to spacious aquariums where they can roam freely and exhibit their natural behavior.
Color patterns are where the Red Empress truly commands attention. As the name suggests, males exhibit an extraordinary array of colors, with their bodies showcasing a spectacular gradient from blue to red.
Their faces are typically an electrifying blue, fading into a radiant red or orange towards the tail. As they mature, these colors become even more intense, providing a truly captivating sight.
Females, by contrast, present a more subdued palette with a silver-gray body. Despite their less flashy appearance, they offer a striking contrast that enhances the overall vibrancy of the aquarium.
5. Electric Blue Cichlid
Meet the Electric Blue Cichlid, known in scientific circles as Sciaenochromis Fryeri. Native to the deep waters of Lake Malawi, this stunning species is treasured by aquarists for its vibrant coloration and active nature.
The Electric Blue Cichlid is a medium to large-sized fish, with adult males typically growing up to 8 inches in length. Females tend to be a bit smaller, usually capping out at around 6 inches. Given their size, they are best suited to larger aquariums that can provide ample swimming and territory space.
The most distinguishing feature of the Electric Blue Cichlid is, undeniably, its coloration. True to its name, this African Cichlid is adorned with an electrifying blue hue that covers its body, presenting an eye-catching display of color.
These fish often show off a brilliant, almost fluorescent blue body that can range from light blue to deep indigo. This dazzling display is often accented with darker vertical stripes, adding depth to its overall appearance.
6. Demasoni Cichlid
The Demasoni Cichlid, scientifically known as Pseudotropheus Demasoni, is a small yet vibrantly colorful species that hails from Lake Malawi. This African Cichlid is a sought-after choice among aquarists, recognized for its distinct patterning and compact size.
The Demasoni Cichlid is a smaller member of the African Cichlid family, with adults generally reaching a maximum length of about 3 inches. Despite its petite stature, this energetic species can bring life to an aquarium of any size, filling it with vibrant activity.
The color pattern of the Demasoni Cichlid is a feast for the eyes. Its body is decorated with alternating vertical stripes of deep blue and black, giving it a zebra-like appearance.
This striking pattern extends from the gill plate to the base of the tail, creating a vibrant display that sets the Demasoni Cichlid apart from many other species. The bold, dark stripes beautifully contrast with the electric blue, creating a captivating display that instantly draws attention.
7. Malawi Blue Dolphin
The Malawi Blue Dolphin, known scientifically as Cyrtocara Moorii, is a unique and highly coveted species within the African Cichlid community. Named for its distinct, dolphin-like head shape, this particular fish hails from the sandy, deep waters of Lake Malawi.
Size-wise, the Malawi Blue Dolphin is one of the larger African Cichlids. Adults can reach up to 10 inches in length, making them an impressive addition to a larger aquarium setup where they can fully extend and showcase their unique physique.
In terms of coloration, the Malawi Blue Dolphin displays a soothing, uniform hue that covers its entire body. The color can best be described as a soft powder blue to a deeper, more vibrant azure reminiscent of a clear, sunny sky.
This continuous, unpatterned color gives the Malawi Blue Dolphin a sleek and streamlined appearance, with its bulbous forehead and long, tapered body adding further to its dolphin-like resemblance.
8. Jewel Cichlid
Introducing the Jewel Cichlid, scientifically referred to as Hemichromis Bimaculatus. A native of West Africa, this species is renowned for its striking beauty and feisty temperament, earning it a favored place among aquarists.
The Jewel Cichlid is a moderately sized fish, with adults reaching a length of around 6 inches. This size, coupled with its lively behavior, makes it a charismatic addition to medium to large-sized aquariums.
In terms of color patterns, the Jewel Cichlid more than lives up to its name. Its body is primarily a vibrant red or orange, with many small, iridescent blue or turquoise spots speckled across its sides and fins, mimicking the shimmering facets of a gemstone.
This coloration is particularly intense during the breeding period, during which the red becomes even more pronounced, and the turquoise spots glitter like tiny diamonds. This dramatic display makes the Jewel Cichlid an eye-catching spectacle within any aquatic setting.
9. Venustus Cichlid
The Venustus Cichlid, scientifically known as Nimbochromis Venustus, is a distinctive African Cichlid hailing from Lake Malawi. Known for its unique markings, this species is a cherished member of the African Cichlid community.
Size-wise, the Venustus Cichlid is a large fish, with adults capable of reaching up to 10 inches in length. Given their substantial size, they are best suited to larger aquariums that provide plenty of space for their easy-going swimming style.
In terms of coloration, the Venustus Cichlid exhibits a fascinating blend of colors and patterns.
Its body is typically a pale yellow or gold, overlaid with a pattern of dark blue or black spots that give it a giraffe-like appearance, hence its other common name, “Giraffe Cichlid.” These spots extend across the body, even covering the head and face.
As the fish matures, males may develop a blue head and face, adding an extra layer of visual interest to their appearance.
10. Frontosa Cichlid
The Frontosa Cichlid, or Cyphotilapia Frontosa, is a majestic African Cichlid species native to the deep waters of Lake Tanganyika. Known for their impressive size and unique appearance, Frontosas are highly appreciated by aquarists for their serene nature and fascinating behavior.
When it comes to size, the Frontosa Cichlid stands out in the world of African Cichlids. Adults can reach up to 15 inches in length, making them a compelling presence in larger aquarium setups where they have ample room to navigate and display their stately swimming patterns.
In terms of color patterns, the Frontosa Cichlid presents a grand spectacle. Their bodies are primarily a dark blue to black color, with a series of white or light blue vertical bars running down their sides.
These bands contrast sharply against the darker body color, providing a dramatic appearance. Their most distinguishing feature is the pronounced hump on their forehead, from which they derive their name (“frontosa” meaning “large forehead”). This forehead becomes more pronounced as the fish matures, adding to their unique aesthetic appeal.
11. Duboisi Cichlid
The Duboisi Cichlid, scientifically known as Tropheus Duboisi, is a distinctive African Cichlid species originating from Lake Tanganyika. Noted for their unique coloration and energetic temperament, Duboisi Cichlids bring a dynamic presence to any aquarium setup.
Regarding size, the Duboisi Cichlid is a moderately sized species, with adults usually attaining a length of around 5 inches. Despite their modest size, these Cichlids are known for their spirited activity, making them a lively addition to mid-sized or larger aquariums.
The Duboisi Cichlid exhibits a captivating color pattern that evolves as the fish matures. As juveniles, they showcase a sleek black body adorned with numerous white or blue spots, creating a starry night effect.
As they age, the spots gradually fade, giving way to a yellow or white band that appears around the head and gill area. This stark color division gives mature Duboisi Cichlids a striking and unique appearance, setting them apart from many other African Cichlid species.
12. Bumblebee Cichlid
The Bumblebee Cichlid, known scientifically as Pseudotropheus Crabro, is a unique and lively species hailing from Lake Malawi. Recognized for its intriguing behavior and attractive coloration, this African Cichlid brings a burst of life to any aquarium.
The Bumblebee Cichlid falls into the category of moderately-sized fish, with adult sizes usually ranging between 5 to 6 inches in length. This energetic swimmer thrives in spacious aquariums that offer plenty of room for exploration and social interaction.
In terms of color patterns, the Bumblebee Cichlid lives up to its name. Its body showcases alternating horizontal bands of dark black and yellow, reminiscent of its namesake.
The vibrant bands start from the gill plate, extending to the base of the tail. It’s worth noting that these color patterns might vary with the fish’s mood and age, with the dark bands becoming more pronounced and the yellow hue intensifying over time.
13. Kenyi Cichlid
The Kenyi Cichlid, formally identified as Maylandia Lombardo, is a lively and vibrant African Cichlid native to Lake Malawi. Recognized for its lively nature and vivid appearance, the Kenyi Cichlid is a beloved addition to many aquarium setups.
Size-wise, the Kenyi Cichlid is a medium-sized fish, with adults generally reaching lengths of 5 inches. Their active behavior and territorial tendencies make them best suited for larger aquariums that offer plenty of room for exploration and dominion establishment.
Regarding color patterns, the Kenyi Cichlid is a true showstopper. The base body color is typically a vibrant yellow, covering the fish from head to tail. This solid hue is punctuated by a series of vertical, dark blue bars that run along the length of the body, presenting a striped pattern.
14. Acei Cichlid
The Acei Cichlid, officially known as Pseudotropheus Acei, is an enchanting African Cichlid found in the waters of Lake Malawi. Noted for its attractive coloration, the Acei Cichlid is a coveted choice for aquarists seeking to bring beauty to their tanks.
The Acei Cichlid is a medium-sized fish, with adult sizes typically falling within a range of 4 to 6 inches.
When it comes to color patterns, the Acei Cichlid truly stands out. Its body is primarily a deep, rich blue, giving it an almost luminescent appearance under the right lighting conditions.
The blue hue extends across the entire body, with slight variations in intensity, creating a multi-tonal effect. What’s particularly noteworthy is the striking yellow or gold coloration that graces the fish’s fins, lending a contrast that is both vibrant and eye-catching.
15. Auratus Cichlid
The Auratus Cichlid, known scientifically as Melanochromis Auratus, is a captivating African Cichlid species hailing from the rocky coastlines of Lake Malawi. Famous for its bold coloration and aggressive nature, the Auratus Cichlid is a favorite amongst experienced aquarists who appreciate a bit of challenge and color in their tanks.
In terms of size, the Auratus Cichlid is considered a small to medium-sized species, with adults typically reaching lengths between 4 to 5 inches. Their active behavior and territorial tendencies necessitate an adequately sized aquarium with plenty of rock structures to claim and defend.
The color patterns of the Auratus Cichlid are truly a sight to behold. The dominant color is a deep, velvety black that envelops the majority of the fish’s body. Superimposed on this dark base are striking horizontal stripes of golden yellow that run from the head to the base of the tail.
The lower stripe often extends into the bottom lip, creating an unusual and fascinating facial marking. This stark contrast between the dark body and the golden stripes makes the Auratus Cichlid a standout species in any aquatic display.
16. Johanni Cichlid
The Johanni Cichlid, also known by its scientific name Pseudotropheus Johanni, is a remarkable African Cichlid native to Lake Malawi. Known for its lively nature and brilliant coloration, the Johanni Cichlid is a spectacular addition to aquariums that capture the vibrancy and energy of the African Great Lakes.
In terms of size, the Johanni Cichlid falls within the small category, with adults generally reaching lengths between 3 to 4 inches. Their active demeanor and territorial inclinations recommend an appropriately sized aquarium with a variety of hiding spots and territories to claim.
As for color patterns, the Johanni Cichlid is a true gem. The fish exhibits a deep, electric blue coloration that extends across its entire body, reminiscent of the vibrant waters of Lake Malawi.
Interspersed across this vivid base color are black horizontal stripes that add a unique and intriguing contrast. These bands start from the gill plate and extend to the base of the tail, adding a sense of movement and dynamism to the fish’s appearance.
17. Kribensis Cichlid
The Kribensis Cichlid, scientifically named Pelvicachromis Pulcher, is a fascinating African Cichlid originating from the rivers of Nigeria and Cameroon. Appreciated for its compact size, peaceful nature, and vibrant coloration, the Kribensis Cichlid is a popular choice for aquarists of all levels.
The Kribensis Cichlid is considered a dwarf cichlid, with adult lengths typically falling in the range of 3 to 4 inches. Their modest size and non-aggressive temperament make them an excellent candidate for community aquariums with other peaceful tank mates.
When discussing color patterns, the Kribensis Cichlid truly stands out. It sports a fascinating mix of colors that blend together seamlessly, presenting an enchanting display for aquarists and spectators alike.
The top half of the body exhibits a gradient of colors, shifting from a yellow or golden hue at the back to a vibrant pink or purple towards the belly. A defining feature is a dark, horizontal stripe running the length of the body, juxtaposed against the lighter hues for a striking contrast. Moreover, the fins often have a subtle, iridescent blue-green trim, adding an extra touch of beauty to this already splendid species.
18. Livingstoni Cichlid
Larger than its close relative, the Giraffe Cichlid, the Livingstoni Cichlid, scientifically known as Nimbochromis Livingstonii, is a notable African Cichlid that hails from the depths of Lake Malawi.
Famous for its unique hunting behavior and sizable build, the Livingstoni Cichlid is a favored choice among aquarists seeking a dash of intrigue and grandeur in their home aquariums.
Regarding size, the Livingstoni Cichlid is a rather large fish, with adults often reaching lengths of 10 inches. Their significant size and distinct predatory behavior require a spacious tank, rich with hiding spots to replicate their natural hunting grounds.
The color patterns of the Livingstoni Cichlid contribute to its allure and mystery. The base color of this fascinating fish is a soft, cloudy gray-blue that seamlessly blends into the aquatic background.
But what truly catches the eye are the dark, blotchy patches scattered across the body. These spots are a deep, midnight blue, and their irregular shapes and placement give each Livingstoni Cichlid a unique, almost marbled appearance.
19. Rusty Cichlid
The Rusty Cichlid, scientifically referred to as Lodotropheus Sprengerae, is an enchanting African Cichlid from Lake Malawi’s rock-strewn coastlines.
Recognized for its relatively tranquil demeanor and distinctive coloration, the Rusty Cichlid is a delightful choice for enthusiasts seeking a serene and visually appealing presence in their aquarium.
In terms of size, the Rusty Cichlid maintains a small stature, with adults reaching a typical length of around 3 to 4 inches.
When it comes to color patterns, the Rusty Cichlid is a simple yet attractive spectacle. As the name suggests, this species is adorned with a uniform, rusty-brown color that covers its entire body.
This warm, earthy hue not only differentiates the Rusty Cichlid from its vibrant cichlid counterparts but also provides a beautiful contrast against the typically green aquatic plants and dark substrates found in many home aquariums.
The only break in this rust-colored exterior is a hint of blue or purple iridescence, adding a touch of luminosity to its otherwise matte appearance.
20. Star Sapphire Cichlid
The Star Sapphire Cichlid, scientifically named Phenochilus Tanzania, is an extraordinary African Cichlid originating from the sandy areas of Lake Malawi. Renowned for its captivating coloration and sizable build, the Star Sapphire Cichlid is a favorite choice among aquarists desiring an exotic, show-stopping centerpiece for their tank.
In regards to size, the Star Sapphire Cichlid is a relatively large fish, with adult males typically growing up to lengths of 6 to 10 inches. Their impressive size calls for a sizable aquarium with plenty of swimming space and appropriate tank mates to suit their relatively peaceful temperament.
The color patterns of the Star Sapphire Cichlid are its most fascinating feature. This stunning fish is clad in a base color of rich, royal blue, which covers its entire body, fins, and even the eyes. But the crowning feature of this species, and the reason for its name, is the dazzling white speckles scattered across its body.
These spots resemble twinkling stars in a night sky, giving the Star Sapphire Cichlid its celestial moniker. The contrasting play of deep blue and sparkling white on the fish’s body creates an extraordinary spectacle that is sure to turn heads and captivate onlookers.
21. Emperor Cichlid
The Emperor Cichlid, scientifically known as Boulengerochromis Microlepis, is one of the most prestigious African Cichlids originating from Lake Tanganyika.
Famous for its enormous size and commanding presence, the Emperor Cichlid is a quintessential pick for dedicated enthusiasts seeking an unrivaled showstopper for their aquarium.
Speaking of size, the Emperor Cichlid is in a league of its own. As the largest African cichlid species, adult Emperors can attain lengths of up to 36 inches – yes, a staggering three feet! Because of their massive size, they require an exceptionally spacious aquarium, accompanied by suitable tank conditions and compatible tankmates.
In terms of color patterns, the Emperor Cichlid maintains a subtle yet regal appearance. They don an overall silver-gray coloration that covers their entire body.
22. Calvus Cichlid
The Calvus Cichlid, scientifically known as Altolamprologus Calvus, is a unique and intriguing African Cichlid hailing from the rocky shores of Lake Tanganyika. Celebrated for its unusual body shape and appealing color patterns, the Calvus Cichlid is a fantastic choice for hobbyists seeking an engaging and aesthetically pleasing addition to their tank.
When it comes to size, the Calvus Cichlid is a moderately-sized fish. On average, adults can reach lengths of up to 6 inches. They boast a distinctively slender and elongated body, which, in combination with their manageable size, makes them a suitable fit for a variety of tank sizes and setups.
The color patterns of the Calvus Cichlid are undoubtedly one of its defining features. This species presents a base color that ranges from dark black to white, depending on the specific variant. This primary color is then overlaid with vertical stripes, which start from the head and continue down the body. The stripes tend to become more scattered and less defined towards the tail.
23. Buffalo Head Cichlid
The Buffalo Head Cichlid, or Steatocranus Casuarius, is a captivating African Cichlid known for its distinctive head shape and lively personality. Native to the swift-flowing waters of the Congo River basin, this species offers a unique appeal to any aquarium, making them an interesting choice for both novice and seasoned aquarists alike.
When discussing size, the Buffalo Head Cichlid is a compact species, with adults reaching up to 4 to 5 inches in length. Their manageable size, coupled with their adaptability, makes them a versatile addition to a wide range of aquarium environments.
The color patterns of the Buffalo Head Cichlid are indeed worth a mention. The base color of this species varies from brown to gray, providing a neutral yet appealing backdrop.
But the true fascination lies in their cranial area – their heads are unusually large and bulbous, earning them their common name. This distinctive feature, alongside their pronounced lips and downturned mouth, contributes to a truly unique and appealing profile.
24. Lemon Cichlid
The Lemon Cichlid, or Neolamprologus Leleupi, is a vibrant African Cichlid that is highly sought-after for its striking color and relatively peaceful nature. Native to the rocky, sandy regions of Lake Tanganyika, this species is a great choice for aquarists keen on adding a pop of color to their aquarium.
Regarding size, Lemon Cichlids are compact, with adults typically reaching lengths of 3.5 to 4 inches. Their manageable size and adaptable nature make them suitable for a variety of tank setups, including community aquariums with similarly sized and tempered fish.
The color pattern of the Lemon Cichlid is what makes it truly stand out. True to their name, these cichlids sport a solid, bright lemon-yellow body that is both vibrant and captivating.
This yellow hue covers the entire fish, from head to tail, including the fins. The consistency of this coloration throughout their body, along with their sleek, elongated shape, creates a visually striking impression that sets them apart from many other African Cichlids.
25. Saulosi Cichlid
The Saulosi Cichlid, known scientifically as Pseudotropheus Saulosi, is an eye-catching African Cichlid from the waters of Lake Malawi. Renowned for its distinctive coloration and compact size, this species is a favored choice among aquarists who wish to bring a slice of Lake Malawi’s vibrant underwater world into their homes.
As far as size goes, the Saulosi Cichlid is among the smaller African Cichlids. Adults typically reach a maximum length of around 3 to 4 inches, making them an excellent option for aquarists with limited tank space or those who wish to keep them in community aquariums with similar-sized species.
When it comes to color patterns, the Saulosi Cichlid truly stands out. Its body is bathed in an attractive shade of blue, ranging from light to medium, depending on individual variations. This blue hue covers the entire body, including the fins, making the Saulosi Cichlid a stunning spectacle in the water.
Adding to this visual appeal is a series of vertical black bars that run down the fish’s sides, starting from the back of the head and ending at the base of the tail.
Wrapping Up
Navigating the world of African Cichlids can be a fascinating journey. The wide variety of colors, sizes, and behaviors among these species are evidence of the richness and diversity of aquatic life in the African Great Lakes. From the vividly Yellow Lab Cichlid to the vertically striped Saulosi Cichlid, each species offers a unique set of characteristics that make them desirable to fish enthusiasts around the world.
In this guide, I have introduced you to 25 popular types of African Cichlids, shedding light on their sizes and color patterns. Each species has its own charm and unique appeal, providing limitless possibilities for creating a vibrant, dynamic aquarium at home.
Whether you’re a beginner in the world of fish-keeping or a seasoned aquarist, there’s an African Cichlid that matches your skill level and personal preference. As you venture into keeping these magnificent species, always remember to prioritize their specific needs to ensure their health and longevity.
In the grand scheme of things, African Cichlids offer us a unique opportunity to experience a piece of Africa’s vibrant aquatic ecosystems. They teach us the importance of biodiversity and the splendor of life under the water. So, go ahead, take the plunge, and let the enchanting world of African Cichlids brighten your home.